Example Essays On Comparing International Models Of Management - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2887 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? a) Based on recent research on international human resource management, compare and contrast the American and European models of managing human resource based on the case. As global competition continues to intensify, according to Beer et al. (1984), organisations need to focus on their value of investments in human resources which is the key to sustainable competitive advantage. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Example Essays On Comparing International Models Of Management" essay for you Create order Based on recent research, IHRM policies and practices are influenced by the organisations structure and strategy; its institutional and cultural environments (Ngo et al., 1998; Schuler and Rogovsky, 1998; Schuler et al., 2002; Sparrow et al., 2004). National culture and the country of origin of the Multinational Enterprise (MNE) do influence HRM policies and practices (Ngo et al.,1998). International Human Resources Management (IHRM) focuses on the complexities of managing people across borders and the competitive constraints within organizations to achieve global competitive advantage (Porter, 1990) Compare and Contrast American and European HRM in MPS HRM concept was originated from the United States of America (US), while in Europe, it was created in 1965 (Locke, 1989). The American HRM have been characterised as universal model (Brewster, 1999a, 1999b) as their prescriptions are intended to apply in all circumstances. The summary of the comparison and contrast of A merican and European models of HRM based on MPS case is illustrated in Appendix A. Based on research, the American culture is individualistic and achievement oriented (Hofstede,1980; Lawrence, 1996; Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner, 1997). The ideal HRM of America is underpinned by the high degree of formalization (process) and a strong sense of managerial right to manage (Jamieson, 1980, 1985). As can be seen in MPS HQ in America, the organization has invested in formalizing clear sets of procedures, management development programmes (TQM) and in search for quantitative data (annual staff opinion survey to determine employees satisfaction, workplace feedback mechanism). Unfortunately, in the case of MPS in France, the french were against the concept of cellular feedback mechanism. HRM in Europe is based more on qualitative impact of cultural diversity, the organization is influenced by authority network, only hierarchical position can give power to his/her employees. (Lauren t, 1986). According to DIribarne (1989), the US managers are free to fire or reward employees within the boundaries of a fair contract. He contrasts that logic of honour in France as it is based on status or rank. Failure to employ a capable/sound manager, just like the case of MPS in France, employees will refuse to respond to orders. On the other hand, the labour unions in Europe are very strong, promoting laws to protect employees within the Europe continent as well as EU level (Claus, 2003) The contrast between American HRM concept and the HRM in Europe is summarised as below: Dominant Features HRM in America HRM in Europe Roots Freedom and autonomy Qualitative impact of cultural diversity Organisational cultures Private enterprise Sense of organisational and managerial responsibility towards employees Role of the state Low interference from the state Greater involvement of the states and European supranational agencies Trade unions a nd employee representation Traditional antagonism of management towards trade unions Wider support towards trade union and other forms of employee representation Source: Communal , 1999, Voynnet Fourboul and Bournois, 1999 and Brewster, 2000 p:180. It is clearly pointed out that the way HRM conducted in Europe is contrast to the America. (Brewster and Bournois, 1991). The American HRM viewed as freedom/autonomy to develop their own strategies (Guest, 1990), an opportunity for anyone who work hard to be successful and a vision of the frontier mentality, the private enterprise culture. (Harzing and Ruysseveldt, 2004) The European concept of HRM is operated with more restricted autonomy, constrained at the national level by culture and legislation, international (EU) level, organisational level by patterns of ownership, and HRM level by trade union involvement and consultative measurements. (Harzing and Ruysseveldt, 2004) Therefore, MPS faced the problem of diversi fying the HR conditions to Europe subsidiaries, as practices established in US do not always translate well in the European context, (see table below). Problems Encountered Condition Expatriate Managers Considerable degree of difficulty when giving assignments in European subsidiaries. UK-resentment for working weekend to fulfill emergency orders. France refuse to work extra hours. Industrial Relations To minimise the influence of unions by the expatriate manager failed. UK- highly unionized France Work Council not operate properly Sweden Over 65% employees unionized, work council meeting resented by the Americans (non-cooperative) ethnocentric per Perlmutters typology (1969). Management Style Communications barriers between American expatriates and subsidiary workforce. UK and France Performance management system difficulties in setting up initially, France Feedback mechanism, prefer line manager with authority. Sweden Baulked performance management scheme. All subsidiaries against the gung ho culture through culture training and attitudinal orientation sessions. Degree of control European subsidiaries believe control being exerted over them. UK targets too harsh Source: HRM overseas in MPS Report by Jim Grant It is noted that in Europe, HRM is less dependent, less autonomy and freedom of action, trade unionism is more important, social partners have more influence, legal regulations are more important, and there is stronger tradition of employee involvement. (Brewster and Hagewisch, 1994) Conclusion As can be seen in MPS case, HR model developed in the cultural context of one country may not be applicable to another country without testing the cultural preconception (Claus, 2003). Pieper (1990) concluded that a single universal model of HRM does not exist. Question 1 b) Could you say that there is a European model of managing human resources? Justify your answer. The Europe continent is made up of 43 countries, out of which 27 countries are European Union (EU) members. EU is unique, it is not a federal State like US because its member countries remain independent sovereign nations but they unite their decision making powers to shared institutions (European Parliament, Council (national governments) for joint-interest to gain strength and world influence (European Communities, 2007). The EU, in just over half a century has delivered unity and prosperity in Europe, a single European currency (Euro) and a frontier-free single market where goods, services, people and capital move freely (European Communities, 2007). With the existence of EU, the qualitative impact of cultural and institutional diversity on HRM do exist, where the European HRM concept incorporate regional and national differences (Harzing Ruysseveldt, 2004). The major difference between American HRM and European HRM is the degree to which HRM influenced and determined by state government. The emerging model of HRM in Europe needed to be flexible and operable within respective cultural traditions among its member states and supranational agencies by understanding the social standards in society, legal framework protection and greater involvement in labour market issues. (Claus, 2003). As noted by Germany, the international HR practices basic functions of HR management are given different weights in different countries, they are applied differently (Gaugler,1988:26). The EU particularly through the European Social Charter and its associated Social Action Programme does have an impact and legislative influence on HRM (Brewster and Teague, 1989) as illustrated below: Within Europe, differences of cultural/geographical can be identified through various regional areas which show common elements of HRM (see below). Clusters in Europe Country Nordic Finland, Norway, Denmark, Sweden. Germanic Austria, Germany, Switzerland Anglo United Kingdom, Ireland Latin European France, Belgium, Italy, Spain, Portugal Source :Ronen and Shenkar, 1985. As far as the use of flexible working practices is concerned, European countries are clustered according to their institutional factors (trade unionization/unemployment rate) rather than, go beyond but distinct, cultural factors (Brewster and Tregaskis, 2001). Institutionalists (e.g. Hall Soskice, 2001) state national factors like governance, economics,  ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ nancial, legal systems, trade unions, together form the national business system. These sources are the main differences in HRM between nations in Europe (see below chart) The national culture (values, norms, behaviour) also influence HRM practices (Leat El-Kot, 2007). HRM approaches is seen as cultural artefacts in any particular country re ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡ecting the basic theories and values of the national culture of an organisation Laurent (1986). Many studies have applied this variable as the major explanatory variable. A European Model A proposed European model of HRM that enables analysts to link HRM more clearly to international competition where organisations focus personnel requirements importance, more tolerant to uncertainty/challenges, venturing into greater risks, and able to accept variablility (Bartlett and Ghoshal 1989; Hedlund and Rolander 1990). This model also provides closer fit between HRM and national success. Source: Brewster. C (1995), Towards a European Model of Human Resource Management, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 26, No.1 (1st Qtr., 1995), p.14 In summary, the model shows business strategy, HR strategy and HR practices of an organisation interact within and with an external environment of national culture. The dotted lines signify organisation and its human resource strategies/practices in turn interact with/part of that environment. Recent research findings confirm that this proposed model did reveal significant differences of HRM practices between nation s, therefore multinational corporations tend to adapt their HRM to local responsiveness (Brewster and Bournois 1991; Rosenzweig and Nohria 1994). Conclusion To expand the US HRM (universal paradigm) concept to Europe, serious understanding that regional differences as well as differences among countries within specific regions exist in Europe (Brewster et al., 2000). European authors argued that we are in culturally different context and, Rather than copy solutions which result from other culture traditions we should consider the state of mind that presided in the search for responses adapted to the culture [Albert 1989, p.75, translation in Brewster and Bournois 1991]. Therefore, it is better to mention HRM in Europe rather than European HRM (Sparrow and Hilltop, 1994). Question 2 a) In examining cross-national differences in managing organizations, one theoretical approach would be to adopt a culturalist or an institutionalist perspective. How would you explain these theoretical perspective to Jim Grant? Cultural Perspective Culture refers to the way of life of a group of people. Every individual is unique, therefore there are different levels of cultural dimension which measures differences in values, assumptions, beliefs and actions (Child, 2002) of a group of society who shared the same experiences (thinking, behaviour) that constitutes its culture. The cultural studies on national and organisational culture confirmed that there are nationality influences of differences in work values, beliefs and orientations of organisations across different countries (Hofstede, 1991, 2001; Inglehart et al., 1998; Trompenaars, 1994; Black and Mendenhall, 1989). This proves in MPS, Jim Grant reported that US faced some resistance on the introduction of HR practices of which they have worked successfully in US but not in the three European subsidiaries. As we can see, within the three European subsidiaries, they responded differently to the US HRM policies (see Appendix D). This is due to the cross-national differences within the European countries themselves. On the other hand, the American resented the Swedish work council meetings, where the Swedish viewed the American as non-cooperative. It is important that Jim Grant to understand the cross-cultural values of each of the three subsidiaries (UK, France, Sweden) to promote co-operation among the group to attain competitive advantage as a group company globally. The key challenge is to what extent national culture influences the organisation behaviour/performance (Edward. T and Rees. C, 2006 p. X). The two best-known cultural models apply for cross-national organisations are Hofstede (2001) and Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner (1997). They see cultural values as long-term management as it varies systematically between societies and as conditioning what is acceptable organisational practice. The acceptable method is by linking culture and career success through HR practices about how people should be ma naged @ Norms Regarding HR Practices. (Aumann and Ostroff, 2006). Hofstede (1980) on cultural dimensions has developed a propositions which link national culture, HR practices influence workers by using a fit perspective (see below) Norms sensitive to cultural influence Source: Hofstedes model 1980). Cultural dimensions of how culture impact on HR practices (Aumann and Ostroff, 2006) Peng et al. (2000) concluded there is no single definition of culture. Researchers highlight various aspects of culture based on adopting workable assumptions about what culture is. Therefore Jim Grant needs to measure and compare the relative strength of different cultural dimensions as well as the possibility of other HR dimensions. Institutional Perspective Cross-national differences in institutional structures are likely to create management practices that vary from country to country (state, governments, laws and legal systems, associations, education systems, industrial relation) There are a number of institutional systems whose influence on HRM in a cross-national context (see Appendix E) From the institutional perspective theory (Scott et al., 2003; Westney, 2005) HR practices are affected by differences in national culture. Success of HR practices will largely dependent on managers abilities to understand and balance different cultural values and practices (Wang et al., 2008). Based on institutional approach, structure of organisations in a country reflects the countrys particular institutional societal effect (Maurice, Sellier, Silvestre, 1977). The EU national legislation is unique, it has an increased influence on HRM through the European Community Social Charter and its associated Social Action Programme. The European Union legislation providing institutional arrangements at the supra-national level, arguably have an effect on organizational structure (Maurice, 1989). Although the EU is working towards a more unified institutional context, profound national differences still exist. In MPS case, it is a national law requirement in EU that the European subsidiaries formed trade union and work council in France and Sweden. Europe has the largest percentages of employees in independent trade unions membership (see Appendix C). Therefore, MPS cannot be immune from the institutional context of the European law which have embedded, the Americans need to be cooperative to the trade union and work council activities. Instead of importing US universal HRM to the European culture, Jim Grant need to localise HR practice to suit local societies by researching/understanding the national culture presumes insight into institutions. This will benefit MPS as a whole if they will to look for particular compa rative and competitive strengths associated with national/regional production, innovation and business systems. b) How could you convince him that these perpectives could assist him in understanding and formulating an appropriate IHRM strategy for MPS? MPS operation is operated based on ethnocentric HR strategy. Perlmutter, 1969 describe ethnocentric management as practices/standards originated from country-of-origin or foreign subsidiaries activities dependent largely on headquarters. As we can seen, MPS subsidiaries are struggling to adapt/adopt themselves to MPS HRM strategy which they are uncertain, as there is no consideration of local culture or institution values and practices being incorporated, makes it more difficult for the local workforce to apply MPS principles. MPS needs to adopt a geocentric approach by moving away from ethnocentric strategy to global mindset, a supra-national attitude by applying the national significance of cultural and institutional dif ferences in determining the HR strategy, for example to propose a homogenous performance management. The tendency to be dominant will often reinforced by stereotypes of other cultures and nationalities. The more MPS is able to internalise the value of culture and institutional norms of HR strategy to the local environment (host country), the greater advantage MPS has to compete globally as MPS able to absorb the best practices of local culture/institution to build a strong diversified organisation internationally (Friedman. T.l., 2006,p.412, Penguin Books, London). Adopt/adapt to the best HRM practice with openness and respect of other nationals, the possibility of developing best talents and fostering the working relationship internationally will be a success. The table below shows a summary of MPS cultural dimension index of similarities/differences which is important for MPS to understanding in order to develop a transnational HR strategy. Cultural Dimension Index US UK France Sweden Remarks Power Distance 40 35 68 31 The higher index implies hierarchy top down control management (France). Lower index implies equal rights among employees. Individualism vs Collectivism 91 89 71 71 The higher index implies individual freedom/challenges (US). This explains why US against the trade union interference. Lower index focuses on physical working conditions (work as per schedule, long holidays entitlement (France), training provided by company for skill improvement/innovation (Sweden). Masculinity vs Feminity 62 66 43 5 Higher index focus on material success/ambitious while lower index concern quality of life (France, Sweden) Uncertainty Avoidance 46 35 86 29 The higher index indicates members of a culture feel threatened by ambiguous/uncertainty management (France) This proves the problem with feedback mechanism failed in France but well accepted by Sweden. Source: Hof stede (1980) For the institutional part, MPS must remember that management of HRM in Europe is governed by national legislation (state law, EU legislation, supranational) which is totally different from HRM in US. The cosmopolitanism concept should be established in MPS strategic HRM. The meaning of cosmopolitan is willingness to engage with other culture/institution, openness toward divergent cultural experiences, a search for contrasts rather than uniformity (Hannerz, 1996:163).Transcending national borders and simultaneously adapting to local responsiveness to develop an ideal HR strategy will achieve competitive advantage/international success. Conclusion Cultures that are open to changes have huge advantages in this world (Jerry Rao, MphaiS CEO, The world is flat.p411) MPS needs to know how outward MPS national culture is and to what degree is it open to accept foreign influences and ideas to improve the HR strategy in MPS. Simultaneously to what degree is there a sense of national solidarity to develop a best fit HRM practice in respect of each national difference? Culture is shaped by the prevailing circumstances within a country (education system, leadership, government, society historical experience) and so as the circumstances or local leaders change, so too can culture be changed (Friedman,T.L., The world is flat, the Globalised World in the Twenty-First Century, 2006, Penguin Books, London, p.415). Institutional change will follow due to societal effect.

The Effectiveness of Probation Boot Camps - 2932 Words

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How has the Media changed over time free essay sample

What are the benefits and implications of this? By reappearance]k Freedom of Speech within the Media has progressed vastly over the recent years. National legislations restricted journalists, but as globalization began and spread quickly, along with technology, these national barriers disappeared, as did the legislations that go with them. The availability too bigger and wider variety of information and news from all around the world has increased, and Journalists have a larger freedom of expression. However. Is absolute freedom of speech really desirable? This essay discusses changes in media over time and its influence on freedom of speech. Furthermore, it outweighs the benefits and implications that come with this freedom of speech. Old Media refers to the more traditional methods of communication and expression that have existed prior to the invention of the Internet, e. G newspapers, magazines and books. Alternatively, New Media refers to the access of information anytime, anywhere, and Interactive user feedback and creative participation. Another characteristic is its unregulated content. (Chivvies et al_, 2013. P. 5). The Old Media faced many constraints which new technology has aided to breakdown, making information today more accessible and easier to use. There are vast differences and progressions from the Old Medal to the New Media. Briefly, information is easier to use and can reach wider audiences, it preserves and stores information more effectively, encourages copying, changing and growth of information, uses images and sounds instead of text and all in an instant, in faster ways, completely unimaginable before. Keats (1988) points out 3 dialect qualities possessed by the New Media (electronic media) In transmitting, storing, organization ND processing of information. The barriers of time and space that were obstacles in the past have been overcome through electric communication. The result now Is the unimaginable increase In the speed of the transmission of Information. The dependency on inefficient transportation for distribution is no longer a barrier to the spread of information and through the Internet information can be transmitted instantaneously. This information can then be responded to and passed onto others equally as rapid. The audience of this new media Is much larger than that of the print era. Not only is Information reaching a larger audience, but it is reaching new audiences and enabling communication between groups of people that previously couldnt, through the disintegration of the geographical barrier. As Hilt and Turnoff (1978) explain, until now there has been no meaner for a group of people to to meet frequently face to face and talk it out. The computer and New Media has introduced new meaner of organizing and storing information. Compare the huge, almost limitless, quantities of information stored everyday on the internet to the restricted and finite storage capacity of rotational filing cabinets or print libraries. Keats (1988) refers to it as an information chain for the process of acquiring, processing and generating information, like a chain that grows longer and longer, building on existing knowledge. There is an obvious increase in avenues for acquiring information that coax the seeker of knowledge to find alternative paths to information that are continuously being created. Keats (1988) emphasizes that because information is organized differently, the electronic media encourages interaction with data that is different from reading a book. The processing of data has also drastically reformed in New Media. The digitization and facileness of copying electronic data aid and increase the speed of processing information electronically. Keats (1988) explains that digitization is the process of recording reality by breaking it down into parts and are then given a numerical value which allows for data to be manipulated in ways that enlarge the number of ways it can be used and distributed. All digital machines copy in order to communicate. They are essential repeaters able to regenerate perfect copies without abandon (R. Solomon, 1985). Goofy (1988) expands on this idea by arguing that information technology, even when it is applied to automatically reproduce a finite activity, is not mute. It not only imposes information but produces information and believes that New Media informants as well as automates. Many of these characteristics that at first glance make the Internet appealing, (ease of transmission, perfect reproduction etc) is essentially what could cause problems with the technology. There are difficulties in enforcing and imposing freedom of speech rights in cyberspace as the Internet does not belong to any country in particular. It doesnt belong within any geographical borders. So this leads us to the main issue: if the Internet doesnt belong to any geographical boundaries, then which/whos Jurisdictions and laws does it follow? The ability to transmit information instantaneously online, without internet control De facto censorship and without the borders of countries, it is very hard to control the information appearing online. However, before proceeding, there appear to be many misconceptions about what free speech and its limitations and consequences are actually composed of. The U. N. Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Art. 9, states: Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers (U. S. Constitution). However, when these rights to freedom and expression were actually last clarified, the use of New Media and the Internet was highly underdeveloped and limited and its actual effect on mainstream media was still under speculation (SCORCH). As Kitsch (1988) explains, censorship laws were an attempt to use law to regulate what had been controlled earlier by the inherent qualities of writing. So, what are the benefits of complete freedom of speech and expression? The cannot be underestimated. As previously discussed, the internet provides an outstanding amount of resources for information and knowledge. This allows for new opportunities for expression and participation of ideas. It becomes a great social strength promoting creativity and individuality and the sharing of ideas between people from different backgrounds and views. Practically, freedom of speech serves many functions. Arguably most importantly, freedom of speech is important at all evils of society as decision making is based on discussion and consideration of an array of various views. As well as this, governments can benefit from getting direct opinions voiced from the people, and if the criticisms towards the government are openly voiced, they have the chance to respond to these unjust comments about its actions. If speech was otherwise restricted, these same criticisms and rumors would still circulate only another way, by word of mouth which the government is then in no position to respond or answer to these views as they arent publicly made. (Turkey, 2012). However this freedom of speech can easily be misused. Implications of freedom of speech involves toleration of a great deal of nonsense and there is the increasingly popular view that information based on bad taste and offensiveness to particular groups should be censored. More extreme, what happens if a misinforming story goes viral shared between thousands of people across the world? When the right of freedom of speech was announced in the Universal Declaration of Rights, they did not foresee the power and largeness of the mass media of today. How in one second an article can be published online and the next it can be starting a huge discussion tit thousands of people from opposite sides of the world. And what about extremist groups? As well as this what about fraud, child protection, decency, libel and hate speech? Shouldnt these to a certain extent be controlled? John Stuart Mill (2007) suggests that it is only the prevention of harm to others which Justifies the state in restricting our voluntary conduct (Coronary, 1997). But what does harm really entail? To conclude, the progression the Media has made in the relatively short amount of time merited by the introduction of the Internet and other electronic communications is undeniable. Many barriers to communications present in the Old Media have been eradicated, leading to quicker exchange of information, as well as a much more varied information scope and audience, connecting people through information from all around the world. It is these benefits of diminished barriers of geography (which are irrelevant because information no longer needs to necessarily be published and distributed but can simply be posted online instantaneously) that actually pose the problem when it comes to freedom of expression. Because of these lack of borders the Internet/New Media doesnt fall under any one particular countrys Jurisdiction ND the issue of whos laws, language or codes of conduct should be applied is raised. Furthermore, the importance of freedom of speech as a basic and valuable characteristic of Western Society cannot be denied. However there is a fine line when it comes to freedom of speech. I believe that freedom of speech will lead to an array of views, some which you will agree with, and others that you could find offensive or wrong. However if you want the right to express you opinion, there are certainly going to be ideas you disagree with or maybe even feel insulted by. But this is the price

World Conflict Essay Example

World Conflict Paper The 20th century was the bloodiest 100 years in human history.Based on numbers killed, in warfare, the 20th century exceeds all other centuries combined.The three major conflicts between 1901 and 200 were World War I, World War II, and the Cold War, respectively.At the turn of the millennium, a new type of conflict arose.This would come to be know as Modern Throughout the essay, how the various wars are linked to one another will be explained. Starting with WWII, the events will eventually lead to the end of the century all the way to our most current and somewhat ongoing conflict with terrorism. Many of the worlds nations were left in ruin after thefirst World War.The leaders of these countries were willing to do whatever it took to prevent another catastrophe such as WWI. Over 60 different countries formed the League of Nations under the Treaty of Versailles, hoping However, not all nations felt the same about these new ideals.Germany was one of them. The Germans were inf uriated about how the treaty disarmed them and forced them to pay reparations.Germany was one of the nations hit hard by the post-war Great Depression.They needed someone to lead them in a time of struggle.That man would be Adolf Hitler. Thefirst thing Hitler did after he rose to power was re-arm the German military, under direct violation of the Versailles Treaty.Then he made plans to take over Europe. Another fascist nation building up its army was Italy.Under Benito Mussolini, the Italians invaded Ethiopia. A few tried to stop Mussolini by boycotting the sale of arms to Italy, however, that failed and the aggression continued. In 1936 the Spanish Civil War broke out and gave Italy and Germany a chance to show off their power.The two would form an alliance know as the Axis Powers. Hitler and Germany began expanding.German troops moved across Franceapos

Deutsche Bank And Bankers Trust Merger Essays

Deutsche Bank And Bankers Trust Merger Essays Deutsche Bank And Bankers Trust Merger Paper Deutsche Bank And Bankers Trust Merger Paper Germany scores 40 what means that German society is rather restraint in comparison with more free American society which scores 68 In uncertainty avoidance, the Germans score 65 while the Americans score 46, meaning that Germans try more to avoid risk and anxiety, while Americans neither seek nor avoid ambiguous situations. Despite the differences there is also something in common, for example: In spite of the fact that there is an obvious difference between two ultras in the individualism scale (G 67, U 91), both of them are actually considered to be individualistic and focus on personal independence, individual rights, personal time, freedom and challenge. The power distance scale (G 35, IS 40) shows that both cultures are not very comfortable with control and structured hierarchical levels and prefer participative communication. And we also can see that masculinity is also a common feature. For The Germans and the Americans performance is highly valued. People rather live in order to work and draw a lot of self-esteem from their tasks. So now well proceed to analyzing how this dimensions influenced the merger itself. Individualism Beechnute Its an interesting fact that before having been acquired the Bankers Trust had not been integrated properly with the oldest US investment bank Alex Brown. That integration acquisition process was problematic in terms of merging the staff from both organizations with different and contrasting management styles. One reason for this was the failure on the part of the Bankers Trust to appreciate the culture of their new acquisition. So the employees of the Alex Brown felt that they lost their identity. Therefore, an important strategic target for the Deutsche Bank was to gain the Alex Brown employees confidence and trust. As a consequence, the company in the USA was then named the Deutsche- Alex Brown Investment Bank. As a consequence Of this important decision Alex Browns identity was kept and also the brand was reinforced in the market and among clients. Y Bank employees felt that the Deutsche Bank had rescued them from Bankers Trust and they had actually kept their identity. (catboat) As weve already said for both cultures the respect of individual and his rights is very important. So, during the due diligence period, the Deutsche Bank executive group decided to undertake a cultural assessment exercise which was designed to find out not only the acquired companys assets, but the feelings and thoughts of the people involved in it. This exercise uncovered the fears, misapplications and the concerns of the employees. As the result employees of the acquired company could see that their opinion actually mattered which can also indicate a low rate of power distance, speaking of which we can also mention the fact that Deutsche Bank appointed John Ross as the head of the integration process. Ross had been Treasurer of Deutsche Bank but also had been Chief Executive for the Asia-Pacific region. Importantly for the integration of Bankers Trust, Ross was an American and had previously had a 21 -year career with the Bank of New York so he was able to understand Bankers Trust as well as anyone. Therefore we can see that the managers of the Deutsche Bank actually cared about what the representatives of the acquired bank thought and that is one Of the things that actually influenced the success of the merger. Masculinity The integration teams tasks also included ensuring the key managers would to leave the new organization following the signing of the deal. An incident occurred that presented a real threat to this happening. In the words of one of the top managers: Just right after the closing deal, one of G Bank competitors tried to poach a whole industry team, the entire industry 1 00 people. And over a week-end the integration team made a very radical and quick decision which resulted in G Bank keeping 75% of that team The Retention Programmer Retention for A Bank employees. A quite sizeable program, CSS$ 500 million was set aside to encourage A Banks key employees o stay in the organization.

Guidelines For Students For Maintaining Mental Health

Guidelines For Students For Maintaining Mental Health If you still cannot find a solution†¦ How To Maintain Good Mental Health If You Are A Fresher? If you are a fresher, you have probably read many articles and watched videos on how great it could be to start a new chapter of your life. So you might already picture the life in the university. You leave your home maybe for the first time for a long time, pack your belongings, sit in the car and unpack them in your new home that will be your place of living for the next few years. You will meet a bunch of new people and maybe make new good friends. Anyway, you will be constantly surrounded by young people that are just like you in the new surroundings. Of course, there will be a lot of studying and discoveries. You will be free to arrange your time as you wish to paint it to education and fun as well. But there is also a possibility that you will not have the expected fun. The truth is that often the reality does not meet our expectations. Young students, instead of spending time on parties with friends, sometimes may isolate themselves from others and spending free time missing home. They also may suffer from the fact that the educational process is not as fascinating as they expected. We do not want to scare you with this article. Young people after leaving home and starting hard studying want to make these years full of discoveries, impressions, and memories. But the reality is that often it takes time to adjust to the new environment and find your place in the new place and circumstances. It may require a few months or more. Or the case may be the opposite. The start of your new life will be great and careless, but with November comes you may face a serious crisis connected with numerous tasks, strict deadlines etc. And this is the moment many students get shocked because of the drastic difference between the start and the actual educational process. But we want to reassure you that having problems on the starting stages of your university life is completely normal. And you are not the first who face this and you will be able to overcome everything as well. We have prepared some tips for you to help with this challenge. You are not alone! Many freshers suffer from the disappointing reality when they got surrounded by people and things that are not as funny and inspiring as they considered from the various sources of information. They have planned to enjoy the best years of their life but in fact, they do not have any pleasure at all. They may feel like being betrayed, especially when they see other students enjoy the same things. If you have found yourself in a similar situation, the first thing for you to keep in mind – you are not alone in your feelings. You are surrounded by various events and different people. So it is okay if someone’s attitude will differ from yours. You may be focused on people who genuinely enjoy their lives in the new environment, but there are also students who suffer from anxiety and experience the same emotional problems as you do. Such conditions may be caused by various aspects starting with relationships with your roommate and tuning your social life and ending with trying to keep up with curriculum and other educational challenges. The thing is there are many freshers who may feel lonely and left out so you are not alone in this struggle. It is a very big thing for young people to leave their homes and start living close to complete strangers without any support or communication they got used to in their hometown. This experience may have a completely unpredictable effect on the human mind. Sometimes students, who were not socially activities in their previous lives, change drastically. They estimate the new surroundings as the opportunity to create a new image and to reinvent their personality. So they even might turn into extroverts. But for students, who have had plenty of friends in their hometown and their reputation made people wanting to become friends and spend time together, building new relationships may be hard. They got used to attention and communication that have built for years. But in the new environment, they do not experience the required level of attention. They might feel lost realizing they need to start everything over. In the first weeks at university, you will meet plenty of new people, maybe more than you have ever met for such a short period of time. This might be one of the most socially intense periods of your life. Many students will agree with this statement. You need to realize that if your feelings of loneliness and disorientation start turning into more serious mental conditions without getting better, you need to look for help. But it is fine if you feel uncomfortable for a while during the adaptation time. This is a normal reaction to the discovery that some aspect of student life is more difficult in reality than you expected. Do not push yourself to have fun if you do not feel like a party. Constant pressure that you need to have fun and keep up with the educational process will lead only to the growing anxiety. Give yourself a break.   Look for support from your friend to feel more comfortable If you have friends from school or at least of the same age as yours, you may feel like calling them for support. But hearing they have so much fun in the new environment can make you feel even lonelier. However, they likely face similar difficulties with assimilating in the new university environment as well. But you can mistakenly assume that they are too busy to communicate with you. Eventually, you can lose touch with them as it is natural that you both will have to spend time on building new connections and overcoming new challenges. But if your friendship is strong enough, even without constant communication you can support each other in the troubles of university life. Do not hesitate to call them. Share your feelings with a close person. Ask them whether they have faced the same issues and how they have dealt with them. You may receive useful guidelines that will help you in your struggle. Also knowing that your friend also tries to overcome new environment challenges may help you to fight loneliness as you will have a person who understands you completely in your struggle. You may be afraid to admit that student times have started less colorful. But sharing your feelings with a close friend will help you to free your soul. If your friends are lucky enough to have a fascinating college life, you may visit them to seek for inspiration. This may give you positive energy to walk through hard times having a vision of the future. You will have more confidence that everything will be much better with time. This attitude will lower the pressure of the situation and you will definitely feel better. Take time There are many events in the university during the first weeks of the year that are aimed at providing freshers with an opportunity to get to know each other better and make new friends. This can be a great opportunity to expand your communication circle and find people with similar interests. Clubs and societies can serve a great deal as well. Do not hesitate to meet someone for coffee or drinks to have a conversation and maybe to start building a long-time friendship. Usually, freshers do not reject such invites as they also are interested in making new friends. But in case you do not feel comfortable with this way of assimilation, do not force yourself. Take it easy and do not expect to meet your future BFF on the first day of university. Take time and let events evolve naturally. University is a long road and you do not have to walk it all at ones. The first week may be difficult but with time you will notice that there are some people around you and they build connections with each other by having common tasks, interests, and places for going out. Some students may have plenty of â€Å"friends† but in fact, they will just have a selection of humans to spend time with. So you can choose to stay in your room and to refresh your mind, paying time for your favorite activities etc. You can also call your mum or close relative to share your thoughts and events of the day. Going to university you make the first step towards adult life and one of the greatest things about it is that you will be free from the peer pressure. You will be able to choose what to do, when and why as this is your life and only your choices matter to you. So you are free to decide whether to go out or not, make new friends or enjoy solitude etc. Do not force yourself to search for connections. The best way to socialize is when you want it and feel comfortable with this. You will find people you will be comfortable being around eventually, so there is no need to rush the events. University’s effect on mental health We should not underestimate the effect of the first week at the university on the mental help of the freshers. Often this is the time when their anxiety grows. So this is the reason to calm yourself if you feel anxious as you now know that almost everyone in your group has the same feelings. Usually, this type of anxiety does not last long and you will feel better with time. But if your bad condition will last longer and without any positive changes, this may lead to more serious problems like depression. Problems with mental health are very common and disturbing in US universities as well as in educational institutions all over the world. The anxiety may be caused by financial problems, curriculum pressure, worries about your future career and other factors that lead to mental crisis. According to some reports, 1 of 4 students suffers from mental issues during their studying at the university. Considering this data, there are high chances you will face some issues as well on this stage of your life. This is almost impossible to avoid any mental difficulties when you drastically change your living environment. If this is not about you, then someone you know may be in the group of risk. The main point of this passage is that when you notice there something happens with your mental condition after you start your education, you do not have to feel like you are crazy or something. On the contrary, you are the average student who has to overcome average difficulties. But you still need to monitor your conditions and check whether it is within regular parameters or you suffer for too long and need some professional help. How to tell the difference between a bad mood and depression? Mental health is an important thing and you need to monitor your conditions and seek help in case something in your brain make you worry. However, you need to understand that human emotions include sadness as well as the ability to express sadness as well as happiness is also a sign of your mental stability. You may have plenty of reasons to feel sad and this is a part of our life. We can miss our friends and family, be upset because of some failures or difficulties in studying or working. Feeling sad does not mean you suffer from depression. If you can find the definite reasons why you’re feeling sad, you are within a norm. But what is the depression then and how to detect this condition? In simple words, the professional psychologists explain this condition as a constant feeling of sadness without definite triggers or reasons. This is the main difference between a bad mood and depression. An article in Psychology Today we may find a wider explanation: Depression is an unusual condition, may also be considered as a mental illness that chronically affects a person’s emotions, thoughts, perceptions, and actions. Depression makes us feel sad whether have we a decent reason for that or not. This condition may appear even without any noticeable events or circumstances and the person does not always experience some serious losses or problems before depression as it often may appear without any obvious triggers. Objectively the life of the person with depression may be fine (and the patients even admit this), but bad feelings will haunt the anyway. If you notice that you constantly feel sad even if there are no obvious reasons for that and even if your life is fine in all aspects but you still cannot enjoy it – there are high chances you suffer from depression. You can use the checklist of symptoms of depression from Psychology Today to monitor your condition and minimize risks of digging deeper into your mental issues. If you have checked more than five symptoms from the list below, you may be in depression: most of the time you feel depressed and everything can irritate you; you lose interest in the activities that you liked or enjoyed before; you have noticed changes in your weight or appetite; you have difficulties with falling asleep or waking up and you sleep longer than it is required for the normal brain functioning; your actions are slowed down or you cannot rest for a long time; you feel tired and have a lack of energy most of the time; you constantly feel worthless and guilty; you have troubles with focusing on things, the lack of concentration, inability to create and make decisions; you often have thoughts about suicide or just do not want to live. If you found that this checklist applies to your condition, ask for professional help as soon as possible. Students usually neglect their mental conditions and do not ask for help. That is why there are a lot of self-harm and suicide cases among students. Where to seek for help For most students, it is hard even to admit that they suffer from serious mental condition and that they need professional help. But the next challenge is finding the place where they can find that help. Usually, it is more difficult to find a place where you can address your mental issues comparing to physical problems. So students, even if they have admitted they have problems, cannot identify the place they can go with their problems. That is why we have collected some options you may use in case you seek for help or some of your friends or mates does. University counselling services Usually, universities provide students with numerous services and counseling. They often hire qualifies counselors and psychologists to provide students with professional help or at least checking service. And this can be the place where you can get qualified advice considering your mental health. In some universities, such help can be provided by other students that can be even more effective as they have faced the same difficulties of assimilation a year or even less ago. This option allows students to feel more informal without visiting special offices whether they might feel like crazy. But the friendly peer conversation may be really helpful. You can check the university website and see what resources and services are provided for students. Personal tutor To make it easier to adjust to university life, most universities assign a personal tutor to each student. The level of the care they provide may vary depending on the educational institution, but anyway, this is one of the options for providing help for freshers. Sure thing, the significant part is played by the relationships you will have with your tutor. And if you are lucky to find a common tongue, you can share your feelings and worries in a friendly conversation, especially if you have any mental worries. Your tutor may help you directly or advise to talk to someone who will more likely help you. Your GP It is okay if you do not feel like sharing your worries, especially connected with mental illnesses, as you have changed your doctor after moving in. But if you suffer from serious problems and cannot cope with them on your own, you need professional help and the doctor is one of the most suitable people for providing it. Despite the fact that your GP is not specialized on mental issues, he or she will be able to define the service that will suit your need the most. They also may prescribe you some medications to ease your condition. This is the place where you can get a doctor’s note to justify your missing classes, exams etc. Online self-help In case you cannot make yourself talk to professional or other people, you can try to find a solution online. There are numerous websites and resources where you can share your concerns and discuss your mental problems. We refer now to the services like Student Minds, the NHSs Moodzone, and Students Against Depression. The Samaritans This is the place where you can find immediate help if you feel too depressed and you worry about your life. This is a 24-hour service that can be reachable anytime and any day. You can call there for free on 116 123 and find a person to talk to and discuss your worries in your head. You can rely on receiving a sincere help, advice and simple a shoulder to cry on. You can tell what you worry about the most and even find a solution to the most concerning issues. London Nightline This is another British service that is aimed at helping students with their issues. The service is available via the phone or live chat. They are available at night hours between 6 pm and 8 am, to close the gap when other services do not work. You can call there using 020 7631 0101 or text on 07717 989 900. Also, Skype, IM and email options are available. The contact info can be found on the website. Nightline has well-trained volunteers-counselors who want to help students and provide valuable advice to make it easier to overcome years of studying. They offer a sympathetic ear and a shoulder to cry on. You also can be sure that your communication will be strictly confidential. What about my classes? You need to realize that your health, both physical and mental. Are of the main priority and you need to put them in the first place anytime you feel seriously sick or depressed. Do not try to keep up with your educational plan ignoring your mental issue. You risk getting more serious conditions if not fix the current slight depression etc. Extensions to assignment deadlines If you feel anxious due to having many deadlines, you become less able to complete the task properly eventually. So you can make everything even worth by trying to keep up with deadlines even if you are mentally exhausted. So try to ask your tutor to extend your deadline to provide you with the opportunity to recover and have some rest (physical and emotional). A doctor’s note can help to prove that you do not fake your condition and you really need help. Usually, tutors and professors try to be sympathetic to students, especially the freshers so you can rely on their understanding. Apply to defer or retake exams If your mental condition makes it impossible to pass current exams or you are strongly sure that your bad results were caused by mental issues, you can request for deferral. If you really can explain why you ask for re-talking, you will likely be provided with this opportunity. Moreover, if you observe that you constantly perform badly on your exams even if you know the topic or subject, you need to check your general mental condition as this may be one of the signs of depression. Do not waste your time expecting that everything will be fixed somehow without any actions from your side. Make it possible to provide an explanation and proofs that your mental health affects your exam performance. After this, you will be allowed to retake the exam without any penalties. Do not take no for an answer Universities are obliged to pay attention to the mental conditions of their students. So if you face some unsympathetic attitude to your emotional problems, you can address to the students’ union and receive the proper help, assistance etc. If you still cannot find a solution†¦ Take some rest. Take a break and move back home for a while. Or you can travel to some other places to relax and change the environment. This is a great opportunity to revise your life plans and goals. Maybe you will find out that you do not want to dedicate yourself to the university to the extent you did before. Or you just took too much on your shoulders and a few months off may become a solution. The main statement of this article is that you should not be ashamed of mental conditions you may suffer from. You will show you strength if you will try to fix it.

Ethical Theory Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Ethical Theory - Assignment Example this puts Kuwait as the most favorable location in the Islamic world as compared to Dubai owing to its central location and accessibility to the majority of the Islam entrepreneurs. Most of the Arab banks and the European counterparts are located in Kuwait, it is therefore, appropriate for Dubai to import its financial center to Kuwait (Economic and Political Research Dept, 2009). It is worth noting that, majority of the Islamic banks do the importation of the convention financial products from most of the European markets and other parents of the world. The fact that most of the inhabitants of the Middle East engage in trade, makes it suitable for Dubai to import its financial center (The University of Virginia, 2009 p.370). It is evident that, unlike Dubai, Kuwait does not suffer numerous challenges with regard to the development of its financial centers. It is worth noting that, Kuwait has robust and developed financial sectors with greater scope of development unlike Dubai. The fact that Dubai has limited domestic and corporate sectors that reflects on the shareholdings of the state, this make it feasible for importing its financial center (Great Britain. D ept. of Trade & Great Britain. Dept. of Industry, 2010 p.430). It is imperative that Kuwait has sufficient human capital unlike Dubai that is characterized by lack of skilled staff hence inability to develop its financial centers. The problem of developing the financial centers is compounded by the magnificent government sector in Dubai. It is also important to note that, Kuwait has a robust financial cum business environment that forms the basis of a successful financial center. In this regard, Kuwait does well on tax remuneration with respect to the stipulated government policies. The country also has extensive expatriate staff who can offer the needed advice accordingly (University of Michigan, 2010). By pooling its financial centers in Kuwait, Dubai will be able to expand its global sovereign assets and

Personality Inventories Reliability, Validity, Correlation Essay

Personality Inventories Reliability, Validity, Correlation - Essay Example There is much that can be postulated concerning these two groups. The GESS questionnaire is an adaptation of Hale, Fiedler and Cochran's 25 item inventory (Hale, Fiedler & Cochran, 1992). This inventory is a measure of the optimism that an individual possesses concerning the likelihood of achieving goals in life. A person with a high GESS score has a great degree of optimism in their own ability to complete a task. While a person with a low GESS score is considered to be pessimistic about their own ability to reach a desired goal. Participants were selected randomly from the classroom. Of the 17 subjects participating in this study, 6 were male and 11 were female. Ages ranged from 19 to 30 years old. Two personality inventories were used in this study, the Internal Control Index and the Generalized Expectancy for Success Scale. Each test subject was seated in a relatively quiet and secluded environment and asked to fill-in the answers on the two separate inventories. The results of the first administration of the test questions are shown in Figure 1. GESS numbers and ICI numbers were calculated by hand scoring each questionnaire. GESS scores ranged from 86 to 149, out of a possible range of 30 to 150.

Glowing Bacteria Lab Essay Example for Free

Glowing Bacteria Lab Essay 1. Transformation involves the transfer of genetic information into a cell by directly taking up foreign DNA from its surroundings. This DNA is then incorporated into the host cell’s own DNA. This transformation usually occurs within plasmids, small circular DNA molecules separate from its chromosome. After the recipient cell is infected with the DNA, the cell will move on with replication, producing offspring with traits encoded by the plasmid. These plasmids may replicate with the chromosome, or independently. This is how diseases are commonly spread, since one little bit of DNA can affect the entire organism thanks to duplication. 2. E. Coli are ideal organisms for molecular geneticists to manipulate because it can easily be grown in suspension culture in mediums such as Luria broth or on agar. Also, E. Coli has a relatively small genome, containing only about five million DNA base pairs. By chemically and thermally treating E. coli cells, they can artificially be transformed. Naturally, these cells do not possess the natural system needed for transformation. After treatment, they become receptive to an insertion of foreign DNA contained in a plasmid. 3. After treating the E. coli cells, plasmid containing firefly genes can be inserted into the cell. What this will do is create recombinants in which properties of the original cell and the firefly cell will be exhibited. In order to insert the plasmid into the cells, we will use a sterile inoculating loop to remove a loopful of the E. Coli from the surface of the agar. We will then place the loop into calcium chloride and twirl it rapidly, releasing the bacteria. Then, using a pipette, we will add 10 µl of the pBestLuc solution to the mixture. 4. Luciferase is the enzyme responsible for the luminescent glow of the firefly. It causes the glow by catalyzing a reaction between the chemicals luciferin and ATP in the presence of oxygen and magnesium. After injecting the cells with this enzyme, and allowing them to sit for 24 hours, we will be able to observe whether or not transformation was successful based on whether or not our bacteria will glow. 5. The way in which we will calculate the efficiency of the transformation reaction is by comparing our results with those of our classmates. If most of the groups did not have successful transformation, it is safe to conclude that the efficiency is relatively low. On the otherhand,  if all the groups see that the bacteria has taken on the new trait, than the efficiency is relatively high.

Animal Influences in Paleolithic, Egyptian and Greek Art Essay

Animal Influences in Paleolithic, Egyptian and Greek Art There are numerous ways in which animals have resonated within the human mind. Throughout history there have been representations ranging from the realistic, to myths, legends, symbols, and even horrific murderous beasts; at the same time providing fascinating perspectives of our own humanity. Various forms of art have conveyed ideas and concepts of animal’s intelligence, as well as behavior, from generation to generation. Animal art is used as a tool to make the connection between different cultures at different time periods and it relates historical and symbolic meanings. In most cultures animals have been linked with the supernatural forces which were believed to control the natural world and the destiny of humans. They were often revered as the agents. or associates, of gods, and goddesses, and were even the focus of worship as deities. Following the tracks of historical animal art, through the human imagination introduces a trail of creativity and unsurpassed beauty. Paleolithic art: Cave paintings are the earliest known example of human art dating 40,000 to 8,000 BCE. The paintings mainly feature various animals running, sleeping, and eating. Some also contain a few humans, geometrical shapes, and even hand prints. The artist used permanent features like ceilings, floors, and walls of rock shelters and caves as their canvas. Pigments of black, yellow, red, and brown were utilized to display the observations of animals. The painters gathered a great deal of information about finding food, and which foods were safe to eat or to hunt, by closely observing animals. The valuable information was passed to others through the detailes in the... ... Avery, Catherine B. The New Century Classical Handbook. New York, 1962 Beckett, Sister Wendy. The Story of Painting. New York, 1994 Boardman, John, Greek Art. London, 1964 Durant, Will. Our Oriental Heritage. New York, 1935 Fleming, William. Arts & Ideas. New York Gombrich, E. H. The Story of Art. London, 1967 Hall, James. Dictionary of Subjects & Symbolism in Art. New York, 1974 Kirk, G. S. The Nature of Greek Myths. New York, 1975 Janson, H. W. History of Art. New York, 1969 Leroi-Gourhan, Andre. Treasures of Prehistoric Art. New York MacClintock, Dorcas. Animals Observed. New York, 1993 Metropolitan Museum of Art. Treasures of Tutankhamun. New York, 1976 Richter, Gisela M. A. A Handbook of Greek Art. New York, 1987 Scranton, Robert L. Aesthetic Aspects of Ancient Art. Chicago, 1964 Stockstad, Marilyn. Art History. New York, 1995

Deaf Event Report Essay

About two weeks ago, I had the opportunity of attending a deaf event which was about deaf jewish life in Germany and Eastern Europe in the 1940’s and the Holocaust at California State University Northridge. This event was a great experience and really interesting to know. Not only was it a personal experience from the life of this speaker Mark Zaurov, but it was something to acknowledge within ourselves to learn how other culture express their emotions towards certain aspects they have been through in their daily lives. The presentation discussed the importance of establishing memorial Deaf for Jews. In this discussion Mark Zaurov included the term â€Å"Deaf Holocaust† which meant surviving struggles and hardships facing Jewish deaf during the Holocaust. Through many experiences and crucial humiliations by German Nazis. He then began to talk about the issues that were occurring with Aktion T4 and Forced Sterilization, which are often used general for research or exhibitions about Deaf people in the Holocaust. Despite what Mark Zaurov went through I learned that he was born deaf in Moscow, Russia. Together with his parents and his deaf sister, he emigrated to Israel.

Importance of Time Essay

Time is precious. It is invaluable. It is one of the powerful factors. Our life is measured in terms of time. We grow in time, live in time and perish in time. Time is fleeting. It is changing. It never stops. Neither does it wait for anyone. Time once lost is lost for ever. It can never be regained. It can never be captured. It is the most potent factor. Even the strongest and powerful monarchs have been helpless before time. Even they could not command time to stop. So, we should be careful about the importance of time. We should never waste it. We are successful in life only when we make the best use of time. Time is the most influential factor in this world. It is abstract. Everything in this world is commanded and decided by time. Nobody can escape the hold of time. It is the time which gives us the opportunity to make use of it. Those who make best use of time and avail those opportunities grow and rise in life. Those who waste their time lag behind. They fail to make any mark in life. He is the wisest who makes the best use of time. He rises to the great heights who keep pace with the time. â€Å"A stitch in time save nine† is a popular maxim. It highlights the importance of time in life. It means that an act done in time saves from inconvenience and trouble. It brings reward. It is gainful and it saves from hassle and confusion. Unnecessary delay and lazy attitude towards one’s assigned duty is very dangerous. The great men of the world rose to fame, glory and success because they always made best use of their time. They made a mark in time. They became immortal. They are guide and source of inspiration for generations to come. To ensure best use of time in life, one needs to be very punctual. Punctuality avoids inconvenience and tension. It offers great opportunity, which, if struck properly brings big results. Opportunity once lost is hardly regained. Proper use of time brings success and achievements. Doing everything in time should be the guiding principle of life. Man has limited years to live, but there is lots of work to do. So, he should live a purposeful life. He should make maximum use of each and every moment. Time is precious. It should be valued. We should make use of it in best possible way. Just imagine and suppose that there is a bank account that credits your account each morning with $86,400. It carries over no balance from day to day. Every evening the bank deletes whatever part of the balance you failed to use during the day. What would you do? Draw out every cent, of course? Each of us has such a bank account. It’s name is TIME. Every morning, it credits you with 86,400 seconds. Every night it writes off as lost, whatever of this you have failed to invest to a good purpose. It carries over no balance. It allows no over draft. Each day it opens a new account for you. Each night it burns the remains of the day. If you fail to use the day’s deposits, the loss is yours. There is no drawing against â€Å"tomorrow. † You must live in the present on today’s deposits. Invest it so as to get from it the utmost in Health, Happiness and Success! The clock is ticking! Make the most of today. To realise the value of ONE YEAR, ask a student who failed a grade. To realise the value of ONE MONTH, ask a mother who has given birth to a premature baby. To realise the value of ONE WEEK, ask the editor of a weekly newspaper. To realise the value of ONE HOUR, ask the lovers who are waiting to meet. To realise the value of ONE MINUTE, ask a person who just missed a train. To realise the value of ONE SECOND, ask someone who just avoided an accident. To realise the value of ONE MILLISECOND, ask the person who won a silver medal at the Olympics. Treasure every moment that you have! And treasure it more because you shared it with someone special, special enough to spend your time with. And remember time waits for no one. I suggest you to watch the animation movie â€Å"KungFu Panda† in which old tortoise Kung Fu Master advises fat Panda in such words: â€Å"Yesterday is history. Tomorrow is a mystery. Today is a gift. That’s why its called the present†.

Facebook Ethics Aspects

Facebook Ethics Aspects Introduction Business ethics revolves around ensuring that various moral and ethical principles in business environments are adhered to. This is because there are distinct and diverse ethical issues and problems that can arise in a given business environment or surrounding (Bradburn 2001, p. 9). As much as business ethics applies to all issues that are supposed to be undertaken by businesses, they are expected to guide the general conduct of individuals and organizations at a given period of time (Handy 2002, p. 12).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Facebook Ethics Aspects specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It should be known that there are various approaches to business ethics. This means that they might always vary depending on the prevailing circumstances at that particular time (Handy 2002, p. 13). As a matter of fact, the whole aspect of business ethics has come out as a vital corporate practice that all organizati ons are supposed to carry out. Facebook ethics is a very complex and diverse issue that has emerged in recent years. This is because of the popularity that the social networking site has gained as time goes by (Hoffman 2008, p. 13). As a matter of fact, it is a major branch of philosophy. In this case, it revolves around the right conduct of individuals as they socialize on the social networking site. In a broad perspective, people on the networking site are supposed to carry out themselves by observing the expected code of conduct. From my own point of view, Facebook is unethical as far as the whole aspect of ethics is concerned. This is because the social networking site has changed many things in our society (Hoffman 2008, p. 17). As much as change is acceptable, there are various issues that need to be looked at as far as ethical issues are concerned. This can be looked at from the general societal and business ethical point of view. Discussion Business ethics can be used to eva luate a business or organization as far as economic issues are concerned. This will therefore give a true reflection and picture of the business in the society (Handy 2002, p. 16). It should be known that business ethics is very important in the society. This is based on the fact that some businesses have been known to be unethical in recent years. As a matter of fact, there is a lot of evidence to support this argument that there are unethical business practices going around the corporate scene. As much as businesses and people operate in a natural and social environment, they are supposed to observe business and societal ethics. Because they exist in diverse and distinct environments, they are supposed to be accountable for their actions (Goree 2007, p. 13). As a matter of fact, they are duty bound to be accountable as time goes by. This will give them the positive image that they need in the society that they operate in. It should be known that various businesses have their own g oals and objectives that they are supposed to fulfill and get at the end of the day. Therefore, irrespective of this pressure, they should not deviate from acceptable business ethics and practices (Hoffman 2008, p. 19). This therefore gives businesses a reason to be ethical in their operations. Businesses are supposed to be ethical because whatever they do generally affects various stakeholders in the society.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As a mater of fact, the existence of businesses depends on good and ethical behavior. In this case, the emergence of multinationals has been the reason why the whole issue and aspect of business ethics has gained prominence in recent years (Goree 2007, p. 14). This has been brought about by the urge for high trust and the development of face to face businesses. Facebook ethics revolves around the right conduct of individuals on the social networking site. In this case, Facebook ethics is guided by various principles that are supposed to be adhered to. As a mater of fact, they are supposed to exercise sound judgment when they are going about there activities (Stone 2008, p. 21). This includes networking and being in touch with friends. Therefore, individuals ought to be highly moral in all their undertakings. There have been various efforts to define Facebook ethics because some people have misused the site for their own private gains. As much as Facebook has been a good advancement in technology, it is vital for people and various stakeholders to look at ethical issues for sustainability (Hoffman 2008, p. 26). From my own point of view, Facebook is unethical. This is based on various issues that have arisen as time goes by. As a matter of fact, people have breached ethics while networking (Stone 2008, p. 27). In this case, there are various instances of unethical behavior that have come out of the social networking site. People have always posted bad pictures that are not supposed to be exposed in public. In extreme cases, people have been engaging in illegal business because there are no control measures to regulate such activities. Unethical behavior can also be witnessed in the posting of bad and nasty comments that might cause pain to others (Stone 2008, p. 29). As a matter of fact, such comments have raised a lot of anxiety yet they can not be verified for authenticity. In this case, some comments cause a lot pain to other users with serious implications. Because other users can access an individual’s wall, they have ended up posting unnecessary statements with no concern for privacy. Privacy is very important but Facebook has not made an effort to protect its user’s privacy because its security measures are not sophisticated. Some people end up discussing insensitive topics on Facebook thereby irritating others (Stone 2008, p. 31). This is because the site has ma ny users with distinct and diverse backgrounds that can not be easily understood by different users. Some of these topics revolve around sexuality, politics and religion (Hoffman 2008, p. 34). The idea of tagging people on Facebook is not ethical because some of those pictures are always irritating. As far as ethics is concerned, people are not supposed to lie, but some users have always cheated around to obtain information from others on Facebook.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Facebook Ethics Aspects specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conclusion Because Facebook has continued to attract a lot of people and users, ethical issues are supposed to be reinforced or dealt with for long term sustainability. Ethical issues are very important in our society because they guide our daily lives (Handy 2002, p. 17). In this case, we are supposed to make individual ethical decisions as we relate with distinct and diverse people in the society. As a matter of fact, there are general business ethics that every individual, business and organization is expected to follow. Businesses are supposed to take care of shareholders interests but this underlying fact is not justifiable for them to be unethical in their operations (Bradburn 2001, p. 15). Good and ethical behavior is a personal decision that we are supposed to make as we relate with others. Reference List Bradburn, R., 2001. Understanding Business Ethics. New York: Continuum Goree, K., 2007. Ethics in the Workplace. USA: Thompson South-Western. Handy, C., 2002. What’s a Business for. Harvard: Harvard business review. Hoffman, C., 2008. The Battle for Facebook. USA: Rolling Stone Stone, B., 2008. Judge Ends Facebook’s Feud with ConnectU. New York: The New York Times.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More

Willamette University - Scores, Costs, and Admissions

Willamette University - Scores, Costs, and Admissions If you are interested in attending Willamette University, the good news is that their acceptance rate is 78 percent of applicants. Willamette is a small private university located in Salem, Oregon, directly across the street from the states capitol building. The undergraduate College of Liberal Arts is well-regarded nationally, a fact that earned the school a chapter of the prestigious Phi Beta Kappa Honor Society. The university prides itself on the number students who study abroad and the number of hours its students devote to service (more than 60,000 hours a year of volunteerism). Academics at Willamette are supported by a healthy 10 to 1 student / faculty ratio. Willamette students come from 43 states and 27 countries. In athletics, the Willamette Bears compete in the NCAA Division III Northwest Conference. Popular sports include swimming, rowing, basketball, tennis, cross country, and track and field. Will you get in if you apply to Willamette University? Calculate your chances of getting in with this free tool from Cappex. Admissions Data (2016) Percent of Applicants Admitted: 78 percentGPA, SAT and ACT graph for WillametteTest Scores: 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: - / -SAT Math: - / -SAT Writing: - / -What these SAT numbers meanCompare SAT scores for Oregon collegesACT Composite: - / -ACT English: - / -ACT Math: - / -What these ACT numbers meanCompare ACT scores for Oregon colleges Enrollment (2016) Total Enrollment: 2,556 (1,997 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 44Â  percent Male / 56 percent Female93Â  percent Full-time Costs (2016-17) Tuition and Fees: $47,217Books: $950 (why so much?)Room and Board: $11,600Other Expenses: $1,232Total Cost: $60,999 Willamette University Financial Aid (2015-16) Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 99Â  percentPercentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 99 percentLoans: 56 percentAverage Amount of AidGrants: $26,239Loans: $7,836 Academic Programs Most Popular Majors: Anthropology, Biology, Chemistry, Economics, English, Global Studies, History, Political Science, PsychologyWhat major is right for you? Sign up to take the free My Careers and Majors Quiz at Cappex. Graduation and Retention Rates First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 86Â  percent4-Year Graduation Rate: 70 percent6-Year Graduation Rate: 78Â  percent Intercollegiate Athletic Programs Mens Sports: Swimming, Tennis, Track and Field, Football, Golf, Cross Country, Basketball, Baseball, SoccerWomens Sports: Cross Country, Rowing, Soccer, Softball, Track and Field, Basketball, Volleyball, Tennis, Swimming If You Like Willamette University, You May Also Like These Schools Whitman College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of Oregon: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphWestern Washington University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of Washington: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphSeattle University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphGonzaga University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphWhitworth University: ProfileSanta Clara University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of the Pacific: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of California - Davis: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphPortland State University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of California - Santa Cruz: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphWestern Oregon University: Profile Willamette University Mission Statement mission statement from willamette.edu/about/mission_motto/index.html Willamette University provides rigorous education in the liberal arts and selected professional fields. Teaching and learning, strengthened by scholarship and service, flourish in a vibrant campus community. A Willamette education prepares graduates to transform knowledge into action and lead lives of achievement, contribution and meaning. Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics

(TiME) mission Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

(TiME) mission - Essay Example The TiME team proposed a mission to land on the methane surface of Saturn’s moon to explore and interact with its atmosphere. Among the goals that were set to be achieved by TiME include: carrying out for the first time a direct inspection of an extraterrestrial sea, measure and sample the organic makeup of a different planet directly and give the first ever extended in situ research of a liquid volatile cycle away from earth. The other proposal of the group was called Comet Hopper or Chopper. The proposal involved placing a Lander on the surface of comet 46P/Wirtanen to study its composition. Since it was to have thrusters it would be able to move from one part of the comet to the other. The Titan Mare Explorer Mission was to explore directly an environment that is like an ocean beyond earth. The vessel known as TiME was to both land and float on this sea of methane-ethane cloudy and complex moon. The team for this mission was lead by principal investigator Ellen Stofan of Proxemy Research Inc. While the TiME capsule was to be built by Lockheed Martin in Denver. Instruments would have been gotten from NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, APL and Malin Space Science Systems. The technology that would have been used is one of a kind. Titan has an atmosphere that is thicker than that of the earth, this means solar power would not have been use and battery would only be sufficient for a few hours. This would have left the option of using Advanced Stirling Radioisotope Generator (ASRG). This would have provided power that is four times that of radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs). Before TiME there were other missions that had similar objectives such as Solar System Decadal Survey which could see its launch in 2020s if considered under the Titan-Saturn System Mission, and Titan Lake In-situ Sampling Propelled Explorer or â€Å"TALISE†. The latter is based

Compare and Contrast Research Methods (case study with other five Essay

Compare and Contrast Research Methods (case study with other five methods ) - Essay Example A case study further aims at understanding characteristics of the studied subject for generalization to a larger population and has been used to develop theories such as developmental theories among children. Its ‘generalizability’ is based on the assumption that an explored case is similar to other cases and gathered information is the same as what would be observed in the other cases (Zucker, 2009; Crowe et al, 2011). Some of the features of case study that distinguishes it from other research methods are its specialization in a unit for study and a comprehensive study of such a unit. The method is also strictly qualitative and focuses on causal effect relationships. It is also largely dependent on a researcher’s rationale as opposed to observed features of the studied elements. Case studies also exist in different types such as snapshot case studies, and longitudinal case studies, a feature that allows for freedom in the research method It offers a number of advantages such as flexibility, ability to infer observations to other cases, and ‘relatability’ in cases where results cannot be inferred. It is similarly able to study small units such as an individual effectively. The case study has however been associated with external validity challenges due to its usual small sample size. Its implementation follows the traditional approach of preliminary considerations, data collect ion, analysis, interpretation, and communication of the interpreted results. Case study can be applied in studying management styles, and their prospects, as used by an institution (Crowe et al, 2011; Roberts, n.d.). Case study was for example used in the research to investigate ICT-enabled government models in European cities (Jrc, 2010). The focus group is another qualitative approach to research in which participants are organized in defined groups to

The Ontology-based Software Co-Evolution of Cloud and Mobile Computing Literature review

The Ontology-based Software Co-Evolution of Cloud and Mobile Computing - Literature review Example Lanois (2010, p. 29) explains cloud computing from a socio-technological perspective in the following words: â€Å"As consumers are spending an increasing amount of time online and demanding convenient, instant access to more content, cloud computing is becoming a rapidly growing technology and the industry’s new buzzword. In a nutshell, the idea behind cloud computing is that instead of having the software and data stored locally on a user’s own computer, they can all be stored on Internet servers, or â€Å"in the clouds,† and accessed as a service on the Internet.† According to the works of Shang et al (2010), the concept stack of cloud computing has four major components. These are the computing resources, the operating system & grid middleware, the cloud middleware and the application layers. Shang et al (2010) have taken a layered approach and the computing resources have been assigned as the baseline layer of this stack structure. Above this layer is the layer of grid middleware & operating system. Its role is to harness cluster computing facilities and virtualisation from the pool of computing resources. Next is the cloud middleware layer where the computing facilities are synchronically modified, organised and distributed. Finally, at the top of the stack model, there is the application layer where the real requirements of end users are addressed though a service oriented architecture or SOA. (Shang et al, 2010, pp. 150-151) Mobile computing, on the other hand, is a technology that has given rise to scalable networks with the help of different handheld and portable computing devices available to the end users. It emerged relatively earlier than cloud computing, and primarily used Internet based telephony and communication techniques. As early as the 1990s, experts defined adaptability to be the most critical feature of mobile computing, since it involves a diverse range of software and hardware platforms that must work togeth er and interact seamlessly (Satyanarayanan, 1995). The research team led by de Oliveira (2010) have presented a detailed cloud computing taxonomy which can be utilised in an ontological approach (please refer to Figure - 1). In taxonomical construct of cloud computing, mobile devices are categorized under the sub-taxonomy of access. Along with the thin clients, mobile is the type of access to clouds apart from the desktop with handheld devices or mobile phones. Mobile computing can facilitate access to the cloud computing resources with the help of phones instead of the static workstations and desktops. (de Oliveira et al, p. 56) With the lapse of time, end users are becoming increasingly mobile. On the go, they not only need portable devices but also demand powerful computing facilities. This has given rise to the concept of â€Å"mobile workforce† (Liu, 2010, p. 4). In order to support such a mobile workforce at the business model sub-taxonomical cohort of cloud computing t echniques (please see Figure - 1), organisations are looking forward to mobile cloud applications. These applications would be highly adaptable at the programming side, synchronising various kinds of hardware and software platforms ranging from similar to disparate configurations. Figure – 1: Taxonomy of cloud computing. Please note the position of mobile technology in the sub-taxonomy of â€Å"Access† located at the lower left-hand side corner of the illustration. Source: de Oliveira et al (2010, p. 52) 2. Migrating Existing Software to Mobile Cloud Application