Wednesday, August 26, 2020

Human Resource Management in the Tea Industry

Human Resource Management in the Tea Industry Tea industry is one of the most developed ventures in Bangladesh and till today it is bearing its legacy. In Bangladesh tea development started in 1857 and Malnicherra is the main tea garden in Bangladesh. Despite the fact that globalization and monetary advancement contributed enormously to set up new enterprises in Bangladesh, a huge bit of our national salary originates from this industry. In our nation immense measure of HR are engaged with the Garments business and Tea industry. In Sylhet there is enormous number of T.E. that is the reason we select T.E. for our investigation and in this report we will attempt to cover one T.E from Moulavibazer, and two from Sylhet region and one from the sreemangle. In this report we give accentuation on the current acts of HR in the some chose T.E of more prominent Sylhet and through this exploration we will make us familiar with the genuine Human Resource Management activities in the tea nursery of Sylhet, Moulavibazer. A few associations are abusing the human rights. Generally infringement happens at the base level-works don't get adequate wages, pay, preparing office, great working condition, and different offices. Thus yield or creations are not expanding as per desire and the general improvement is being slow. The proprietor, authority, and partner ought to understand that ignoring the HR in the work place a reasonable improvement is preposterous. Execitive Summary The frontier British organization took up tea estate in the Indian subcontinent toward the start of the nineteenth century. From that point forward, the sub-mainlands tea industry has gradually settled its situation as a significant maker of tea on the planet. At present, India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka represent 52 percent of the world tea creation. At the worldwide level, the tea business is progressively thinking that its hard to meet closures got between increasing expenses from one perspective and stale, some of the time in any event, declining costs of tea on the other. Globalization and financial advancement contributed incredibly to these elements since an ever increasing number of nations are attempted tea ranch. In addition, globalization joins work measures to exchange strategy. This additionally contributed enormously to the increasing expense since tea estate is an extremely work serious movement. It requires laborers round the year. Subsequently, work guidelines acquire significance for the tea ranch to be serious on the planet showcase. Improvement of work profitability is recognized as a basic methods for raising degree of intensity of the tea business on the planet showcase regardless of its low cost. It has been discovered that other than innovation and aptitudes preparing, work profitability itself is subject to keeping up reasonable work principles identifying with working conditions, wages, wellbeing and nourishment status, lodging and training offices. In this manner keeping up a reasonable work standard is one of the key components influencing the serious suitability of the tea business on the planet showcase. In India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, work enactment for the tea manor part is over 50 years of age. Notwithstanding the work laws of 1995 and the Factory Rules of 1979, Which are material to all work puts as a rule, the legislature of Bangladesh has demanded a few enactments, to be specific (a) Maternity Benefit (Tea Estates) Act. 19 50, (b) Plantation Employees Provident Fund Rules, 1960, (c) Tea Plantation Labor Ordinance, 1962, (d) Tea Plantation Labor Rules, 1977, (e) The Tea (alteration) Ordinance, 1986 and (f) Bangladesh Cha Sramik Kalyan Fund Ordinance, 1986 especially for the tea estate area to guarantee laborers, right to sheltered, secure and sterile working conditions. Notwithstanding, significantly after the sanctioning of every one of these enactments, tea laborers, right of sheltered, secure and clean working placations have not yet been guaranteed. Not many small scale level examinations on tea ranch laborers have been done as such far. Still the discoveries of these examinations show that the tea ranch laborers are carrying on with a subhuman life both in the details of working conditions, day to day environments and wellbeing security. It is for the most part because of the way that laborers association speaking to the laborers directly in the social exchange isn't sufficiently able to haggle wi th the businesses. Thus, there is an intense need of first sorting out the tea manor laborers, especially ladies laborers with the goal that they can achieve the intensity of aggregate dealing and in this way fortify their association. A specialists association is a basic factor for advancing laborers prosperity as well as a significant factor influencing proficient utilization of the work power. The Global market for tea is getting progressively serious since an ever increasing number of nations are going into this division. This opposition is testing the relative bit of leeway of Bangladeshs modest work. Consequently, to address the difficulties of globalization, the unit work cost of creation should be decreased by raising work efficiency. A sorted out work power is the most basic factor influencing work profitability. Learning Objective of Human Resource Management We, the understudies of BBA in Leading University, are attempted a seminar on à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Human Resource Management. There must be some target of this examination. There is no special case in our examination. The fundamental target is to concentrate on various things, which are given underneath To think about their HRM procedures, shortcomings, opportunity and dangers. Presentation Bangladesh is a little tea creating nation sharing 2% of the universes Tea creation. Tea is an agro based, lab our escalated and fare arranged part and assumes a significant job in the national economy through fare income, exchange adjusting and work age. Our Tea industry goes back to 1857 when the primary tea garden was built up at Malnicherra in Sylhet District. Today we have 163 Tea Gardens with an award region of 1,15,757.41 hal of which 52,317.21 hal or 45% is under development. In spite of the fact that our tea industry endured a genuine misfortune in 1971 however we could prevail with regards to switching with the assistance of the administration, outside help and difficult work of our grower. It is planning to expand our creation to a normal of more than 1500 Kg for every hal in a couple of years time. We have embraced measures to improve our nature of tea by broadening the region with new assortments of half and half clone, modernizing processing plants and improving framewo rk. We currently every year produce 60 million Kg of Tea and we would like to build our creation to 90 million Kg in the following 15 years. This paper endeavors to devise a technique to advance powerful social exchanges between the tea manor laborers and their managers. It likewise endeavors to decide the reasonableness of giving social assurance to ladies laborers through their own associations and in this way upgrades their work efficiency. Precise preparing for the individuals from the laborers association has end up being a forward leap as far as aptitude improvement, cognizance rising, and blooming of self - certainty. Consequently, the chance of giving expertise preparing to the laborers, especially ladies laborers through their association, has additionally been investigated in this paper. The craft of tea development in Bangladesh started longer than a century and a half back during the 1840s close to the Chittagong Club. The principal tea nursery to be set up was Malnicherra in Sylhet in 1854. Its business creation started presently in 1857. Today, the principle tea-developing territories lie toward the east of the Ganga-Jumma flood plain in the slope zones flanking Indias Cachar tea-developing region. A large portion of Bangladesh tea develops at just 80-300 ft. above ocean level upper east of Sylhet in the nation. During its underlying stage, estate in Bangladesh confronted intense deficiency of work. No nearby specialists were happy to carry out this responsibility since it is extremely hard and work serious. The provincial British Government sent obligated workers to meet this lack. Tea ranch laborers in Bangladesh came generally from the regressive class and inborn zones of focal India and areas of Bengal, Bihar, Orissa and Madhya Pradesh. The current work power in the tea manor part of Bangladesh is the fourth era of those contracted migrants. Obligated foreigners were in certainty new types of fortified work. Their reinforced nature uncovered in their topographical restriction inside the limit of the tea home. For over a century they were kept to the equivalent topographical limit; most despite everything are. Theoretical DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Human asset the executives characterized as the way toward achieving hierarchical destinations by securing, holding, ending, creating and appropriately utilizing the HR in an association. Associations need to work with various assets like physical, budgetary, hierarchical, and data assets however legitimate use of every single other asset to a great extent rely upon HR. Achieving goals is a significant focal point of any type of the executives. Except if destinations are met, the association facilitates to exist. Encountering the Dutch à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…Tavern garden teas㠢â‚ ¬?, the English built up the possibility of Tea Gardens. Here women and honorable men removed their tea from entryways encompassed by diversion, for example, symphonies, shrouded arbors, blossomed strolls, bowling greens, shows, betting, or firecrackers around evening time. It was at simply such a Tea Garden, that Lord Nelson, who vanquished Napoleon via ocean, met the incredible love of his life, Emma, later woman Hamilton. Ladies were allowed to enter a blended, open assembling just because without social analysis. As the nurseries were open, British society blended here unreservedly just because, playing hooky and birth. Tipping as a reaction to legitimate help created in the Tea Gardens of England. Little, bolted wooden boxes were set on the tables all through the

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Professional IT Practices Risk Mitigation

Question: Examine about the Professional IT Practices for Risk Mitigation. Answer: Presentation: The web application created would be utilized by the understudies everywhere throughout the globe with the end goal of web based learning and comprehension of various subjects. One of the customers manages debilitate understudies. Distinctive cripple understudies have various kinds of inabilities, for example, injury, visual deficiency, fractional visually impaired, and truly impeded (hands). The issues that must be managed while making the online application for learning are: Mass Data Management: While structuring the interface, there would be enormous measure of necessities that must be overseen before making the product application (Khan et al. 2013). The main part of data would offer ascent to tremendous measure of information from the various styles of learning strategies that must be considered in the gadget. The mass information preparing would take parcel of time and exertion for the product application improvement. For instance: Many talks or their connections from various course readings of various subjects must be incorporated on the coordinated database of the product. Complex Structure: The advancement of the product would contain extremely complex structure and handling (Verner et al. 2014). The product has extremely enormous possibility for suggestion and requires various working for supporting the learning exercises of both ordinary and crippled understudies. For instance: Blind understudies ought to be given sound talks to have the option to comprehend the investigation materials. Perfect Issues: The testing of the online programming must be done on number of good web stages, for example, portable or web as various understudies may be utilizing various kinds of stages for contemplating reason. References Khan, M.N.A., Khalid, M. also, ul Haq, S., 2013. Audit of prerequisites the board issues in programming development.International Journal of Modern Education and Computer Science,5(1), p.21. Verner, J.M., Brereton, O.P., Kitchenham, B.A., Turner, M. what's more, Niazi, M., 2014. Dangers and hazard alleviation in worldwide programming improvement: A tertiary study.Information and Software Technology,56(1), pp.54-78.

Friday, August 21, 2020

New Student Photo Entry #29 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

New Student Photo Entry #29 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The first two photos come from Denise Lee, an incoming MPA in Development Practice student. These photos were both taken on December 31, 2008 atop Ololokwe mountain, a sacred mountain to the Samburu people in North Eastern Kenya. This is an area where natural resources are being depleted at ever-increasing rates threatening the natural environment and the survival of wildlife in the region.   At the same time pastoralist communities are struggling as their economic development continues to be hindered by ethnic rivalries and insecurity.   The obstacles are tremendous, but I felt hopeful when learning about innovative new programs including the Northern Rangelands Trust which seeks to address both challenges by facilitating community-led conservation initiatives that improve human livelihoods, biodiversity conservation and rangeland management. In the first photo our local Samburu guide, John, looks south towards Mount Kenya.   John is employed by a community owned and managed safari operation that offers trips up the mountain with local, experienced guides allowing visitors to experience the high altitude mist forest and panoramic vistas. This photo shows three young Samburu Moran boys that we met with their cattle in the background.   It was striking to see tradition colliding with modernity particularly in the form of the automatic weapons they carried.   Samburu Moran boys moving from boyhood into manhood go up into Ololokwe for months at a time to live off the ground and prove their manhood.   The area is rife with conflict due to the Somalies and the Boran impinging on Samburu grazing ground. ____________________ The next two photos come from Karina Nagin, an incoming MPA student. First Photo:   Taken at the Temple Mount in Jerusalem.   The tour guide had just finished explaining to our group how important it was to be respectful and not climb on any of the ruins, we then turned a corner to see this group giggling and laughing while scaling the walls for a group picture.   They were having so much fun I had to snap a pic. Second Photo: Taken in a small town outside Bangalore, India.   In 2008 I was working in Bangalore and was invited to a weekend function in my colleagues village.   During the all day ceremony two sisters pulled me away to go play in the neighboring sunflower field. It was one of the highlights of my stay.

Sunday, May 24, 2020

Role Of The Department Of Homeland Security - 1659 Words

Role of the DHS in Counterterrorism On September 11, 2011, the United States observed the tenth anniversary of the worst terrorist attacks in the history of the United States . The creation of many anti-terrorism organizations was a clear message that this threat is beyond a single military or intelligence capacity. Our citizens demanded a strong response that would prevent any future terrorist threat. President Bush created the Department of Homeland Security as the key agency responsible for all anti-terrorism activities to protect our homeland. Government officials and law makers introduced anti-terrorism laws and measures to allow key intelligence and counterterrorism agencies to protect us from terror. Outlining the role of the Department of Homeland Security depicts how this agency was able to coordinate multi agency work to achieve one common goal,; to protect American citizens. The DHS has played a valued role in protecting our nation against terrorism while engaging in a joint agency task force to avoid any deficiencies or miscommunication that might allow terrorists the openings to attack us. The Department of Homeland Security made counterterrorism its first and ultimate goal by detecting explosives in public spaces and transportation networks, helping protect critical infrastructure and cyber networks from attack, detecting agents of biological warfare, and building information-sharing partnerships with state and local law enforcement that can enable lawShow MoreRelatedThe Role of the Department of Homeland Security573 Words   |  2 Pagesï » ¿The Role of the Department of Homeland Security Objective The objective of this study is to clearly and specifically address the principles, goals, and missions of DHS and FBI. 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National Security Strategies And Policies1231 Words   |  5 PagesFor this progress assignment I would like to describe homeland security as it is defined in the various U.S. national security strategies and policies. In addition I would like to speak to the difference between Homeland Security and Homeland Defense to include mission areas, task, operational responsibilities, and coordinating efforts. Homeland Security The establishment of the Department of Homeland security is, undoubtedly, a result of the lessons learned and identification of the need to protectRead MoreThe Department Of Homeland Security And Homeland Defense969 Words   |  4 Pages The defense, security, and safety American citizens enjoy each and every day is a result of dedicated professionals committed to Homeland Security and Homeland Defense. These broad initiatives require well-defined missions, organized and focused tasking, and finally, clearly understood duties, responsibilities, and operations. 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The principal objective of this Security Plan is to give instructions and direction for the Department’s workers and help the Homeland Security to create best practices and strategies in the IT security system. 2. Scope This policy needs to be applied to all users, employees, contractors, suppliers and to all IT resources such as e-mails, filesRead MoreHomeland Security And Homeland Defense1321 Words   |  6 Pagesin its security. The result of the tragic events was the establishment of homeland security. The White House, the federal government and the Congress joined together to establish it. On September 20, 2001, President George W. Bush issued an executive order 13228 to establish an Office of Homeland Security within the White House and assigning the Governor of Pennsylvania, Tom Ridge as its Director (Bullock, Haddow, Coppola, 2013, p. 4). Ever since, the United States (U.S.) Department of Homeland

Thursday, May 14, 2020

Biography of F. Scott Fitzgerald

F. Scott Fitzgerald, born Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald (September 24, 1896 – December 21, 1940) was an American author whose works became synonymous with the Jazz Age. He moved in the major artistic circles of his day but failed to garner widespread critical acclaim until after his death at the age of 44. Fast Facts: F. Scott Fitzgerald Full Name: Francis Scott Key FitzgeraldKnown For:  American authorBorn:  September 24, 1896 in St. Paul, MinnesotaDied:  December 21, 1940 in Hollywood, CaliforniaSpouse:  Zelda Sayre Fitzgerald (m. 1920-1940)Children:  Frances Scottie Fitzgerald (b. 1921)Education: Princeton UniversityNotable Works: This Side of Paradise, The Great Gatsby, Tender Is the Night, The Curious Case of Benjamin Button Early Life F. Scott Fitzgerald was born in St. Paul, Minnesota, to a well-off upper-middle-class family. His parents were Edward Fitzgerald, a former Marylander who moved north after the Civil War, and Molly Fitzgerald, the daughter of an Irish immigrant who made a fortune in the grocery industry. Fitzgerald was named after his distant cousin, Francis Scott Key, who famously wrote â€Å"The Star-Spangled Banner.† Only a few months before his birth, two of his sisters died suddenly. The family did not spend his early life in Minnesota, however. Edward Fitzgerald worked mostly for Proctor and Gamble, so the Fitzgeralds spent most of their time living in upstate New York and in West Virginia, following Edward’s job demands. Nevertheless, the family lived quite comfortably, thanks to a wealthy aunt and Molly’s inheritance from her own rich family. Fitzgerald was sent to Catholic schools and proved to be a bright student with a particular interest in literature. In 1908, Edward Fitzgerald lost his job and the family returned to Minnesota. When F. Scott Fitzgerald was 15 he was sent away from home to attend a prestigious Catholic prep school, the Newman School, in New Jersey. College, Romances, and Military Life After graduating from Newman in 1913, Fitzgerald decided to stay in New Jersey to continue working on his writing, rather than returning to Minnesota. He attended Princeton and became heavily involved with the literary scene on campus, writing for several publications and even joining a theatre troupe, the Princeton Triangle Club. During a visit back to St. Paul in 1915, Fitzgerald met Ginevra King, a debutante from Chicago, and they began a two-year romance. They conducted their romance mostly through letters, and she was reportedly the inspiration for some of his most iconic characters, including The Great Gatsby’s Daisy Buchanan. In 1917, their relationship ended, but Fitzgerald kept the letters she’d written to him; after his death, his daughter sent them to King, who kept them and never showed them to anyone. F. Scott Fitzgerald in his military uniform in 1918; he never saw action in the war.   Time Life Pictures / Getty Images Fitzgerald’s writing-related activities took up the bulk of his time, which meant he neglected his actual studies to the point of being on academic probation. In 1917, he officially dropped out of Princeton and joined the Army instead, as the U.S. was just joining World War I. He was stationed under the command of Dwight D. Eisenhower, whom he despised, and feared that he would die in the war without ever having become a published author. The war ended in 1918, before Fitzgerald was ever actually deployed overseas. New York and Europe in the Jazz Age While stationed in Alabama, Fitzgerald met Zelda Sayre, the daughter of a state Supreme Court justice and a Montgomery socialite. They fell in love and became engaged, but she broke it off, worried that he would be unable to support them financially. Fitzgerald revised his first novel, which became This Side of Paradise; it sold in 1919 and was published in 1920, becoming a quick success. As a direct result, he and Zelda were able to resume their engagement and were married that same year in New York City at St. Patrick’s Cathedral. Their only daughter, Frances Scott Fitzgerald (known as â€Å"Scottie†) was born in October 1921. The Fitzgeralds became staples of New York society, as well as the American expatriate community in Paris. Fitzgerald formed a close friendship with Ernest Hemingway, but they came into conflict over the subject of Zelda, who Hemingway openly hated and believed was holding Fitzgerald’s career back. During this time, Fitzgerald supplemented his income by writing short stories, since only his first novel was a financial success during his lifetime. He wrote The Great Gatsby in 1925, but although it’s regarded as his masterpiece now, it was not a success until after his death. Much of his writing was tied to the â€Å"Lost Generation,† a phrase coined to describe the disillusionment in post-WWI years and often associated with the group of expatriate artists with which Fitzgerald mingled. Zelda and F. Scott Fitzgerald, circa 1921. Time Life Pictures / Getty Images   In 1926, Fitzgerald had his first movie offer: to write a flapper comedy for the United Artists studio. The Fitzgeralds moved to Hollywood, but after Fitzgerald’s affair with actress Lois Moran, their marital difficulties necessitated a move back to New York. There, Fitzgerald began working on a fourth novel, but his heavy drinking, financial difficulties, and Zelda’s declining physical and mental health got in the way. By 1930, Zelda was suffering from schizophrenia, and Fitzgerald had her hospitalized in 1932. When she published her own semi-autobiographical novel, Save Me the Waltz, in 1932, Fitzgerald was furious, insisting that their lives together were â€Å"material† that only he could write about; he even managed to get edits made to her manuscript before publication. Later Years and Death In 1937, after Zelda’s final hospitalization, Fitzgerald found himself financially unable to decline an offer from Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer to move to Hollywood and write exclusively for their studio. During that time, he had a high-profile live-in affair with gossip columnist Sheilah Graham, and he wrote a series of short stories mocking himself as a Hollywood hack. His hard living began to catch up with him, as he had been an alcoholic for decades. Fitzgerald claimed to suffer from tuberculosis–which he very well may have–and he suffered at least one heart attack by the end of the 1930s. On December 21, 1940, Fitzgerald suffered another heart attack at his home with Graham. He died almost instantly, aged 44. His body was taken back to Maryland for a private funeral. Since he was no longer a practicing Catholic, the Church refused to allow him a burial in the Catholic cemetery; he was instead interred at Rockville Union Cemetery. Zelda died eight years later, in a fire at the asylum where she was living, and she was buried next to him. They remained there until 1975, when their daughter Scottie successfully petitioned to have their remains moved to the family plot at the Catholic cemetery. Legacy Fitzgerald left behind an unfinished novel, The Last Tycoon, as well as a prolific output of short stories and four completed novels. In the years after his death, his work became more praised and more popular than it ever was during his life, especially The Great Gatsby. Today, he’s regarded as one of the greatest American writers of the 20th century. Sources Bruccoli, Matthew Joseph. Some Sort of Epic Grandeur: The Life of F. Scott Fitzgerald. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 2002.Curnutt, Kirk, ed. A Historical Guide to F. Scott Fitzgerald. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Choosing English Essay Samples

Choosing English Essay Samples New Step by Step Roadmap for English Essay Samples As soon as you have gathered ideas on the subject, you must properly set your thoughts into words. Take a look at each question carefully and take a small time to work out the topic and what type of answer is going to be expected. Your paragraphs do not connect one another's meaning and the whole thought of your essay may be incomprehensible. Make certain that everything in that paragraph is related to the topic sentence. Our high-quality, but affordable assignment writing help is extremely pleased with our professional writers that are readily available to work effectively and efficiently to fulfill the tightest deadlines. Students have to compose essays based on the teacher's instructions or their preferred style in writing. Perhaps the most usual problem that students have, when they're assigned an essay, is they aren't even certain how to start. To get started it's important to recognize that learning English is of extreme importance for people in Spain. Most Noticeable English Essay Samples Because of this, you will need to concentrate on boosting your writing skills by your FTCE practice. If you are searching for assistance with your essay then we provide a comprehensive writing service given by fully qualified academics in your area of study. Normally, students simply run over stimulus and prompt and start to write immediately believing they will save yourself time this manner. The strat egies to use social media to raise students' productivity. An important point to bear in mind is to make certain you don't have a thing in the essay which is not related to your topic. Make certain that there is a smooth switch from 1 idea to another. Should you wish, highlight the vital words and phrases in the stimulus to have the ability to look at it from time to time to make sure you adhere to the topic. At other times, you might want to remind readers of the limitations of your specific research. One of the most significant influences in my personal life is the TTB program, said Boadi, that has been involved in the radio industry for the last decade. You should develop a notion and offer some evidence. Sometimes you might be asked to present your ideas before you've had an opportunity to completely interpret your research findings. English essay samples require in order to be thoroughly analyzed and understood for the youthful student before trying to compose his magnum opus. There's several essays completed by them. Chemistry is a subject which, basically, supplies you with useful information regarding the different substances or varieties of materials that compose the physical world around us and the way in which they behave or react with one another. In the past few years the Electoral College has come to be very controversial. An essay has to be composed of an introduc tion, a body, and a conclusion. You might also see persuasive essay. Once the essay itself should consist of 3 parts, it's desirable to create an outline for every one of them. Such sample essays can be very helpful, because they can give a complete picture of what a wonderful essay is. Additionally, there are zero limits for downloads! There's no ideal solution on the best way to compose an effective essay. Each Move has numerous stages. When you surf our site for recommendations that might help you write your own essay, you will discover many helpful tips. Australian essay writing service you may rely on. To structure an essay, you have to simply stick to the above mentioned format. Thirdly, don't forget about the proper editing. You need to understand how to compose an effective essay as it is a typical foundation for a student's grade. Accordingly, so as to be given a high grade for the paper, the student should follow all of the formatting rules and norms. You could also see student essay. A proposal essay is quite easy to comprehend.

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

The Guest by Albert Camus free essay sample

Translated by Justin OBrien he schoolmaster was watching the two men climb toward him. One was on horseback, the other on foot. They had not yet tackled the abrupt rise leading to the schoolhouse built on the hillside. They were toiling onward, making slow progress in the snow, among the stones, on the vast expanse oft he high, deserted plateau. From time to time the horse stumbled. Without hearing anything yet, he could see the breath issuing from the horses nostrils. One of the men, at least, knew the region. They were following the trail although it had disappeared days go under a layer of dirty white snow. The schoolmaster calculated that it would take them half an hour to get onto the hill. It was cold; he went back into the school to get a sweater. He crossed the empty, frigid classroom. On the blackboard the four rivers of France, 1 drawn with four different colored chalks, had been flowing toward their estuaries for the past three days. Snow had suddenly fallen in mid-October after eight months of drought without the transition of rain, and the twenty pupils, more or less, who lived in the villages scattered over the plateau had stopped coming. With fair weather they would return. Daru now heated only the single room that was lodging, adjoining the classroom and giving also onto the plateau to the east. Like the class cows, his window looked to the south too. On that side the school was a few kilometers from the point where the plateau began to slope toward the south. In clear weather could be seen the purple mass of the mountain range where the gap opened onto the desert. Somewhat warmed, Daru returned to the window from which he had first seen the two men. They were no longer visible. Hence they must have tackled the rise. The sky was not so dark, for the snow had stopped falling during the night. The morning ad opened with a dirty light which had scarcely become brighter as the ceiling of clouds lifted. At two in the after- noon it seemed as if the day were merely beginning. But still this was better than those three days when the thick snow was falling amidst unbroken darkness with little gusts of wind that rattled the double door of the classroom. Then Da ru had spent long hours in his room, leaving it only to go to the shed and feed the chickens or get some coal. Fortunately the delivery truck from Tadjid, the nearest village to the north, had brought his supplies two days before the blizzard. It would return in forty-eight hours. Besides, he had enough to resist a siege, for the little room was cluttered with bags of wheat that the administration left as a stock to distribute to those of his pupils whose families had suffered from the drought. Actually they had all been victims because they were all poor. Every day Daru would distribute a ration to the children. They had missed it, he knew, during these bad days. Possibly one of the fathers would come this afternoon and he could supply them with grain. It was just a matter of carrying them over to the next harvest. Now shiploads of wheat were arriving from France and the worst was over. But it would be hard to forget that poverty, that army of ragged ghosts wandering in the sunlight, the plateaus burned to a cinder month after month, the earth shriveled up little by little, literally scorched, every stone bursting into dust under ones foot. The sheep had died then by thousands and even a few men, here and there, sometimes without anyones knowing. T 2 In contrast with such poverty, he who lived almost like a monk in his remote schoolhouse, nonetheless satisfied with the little he had and with the rough life, had felt like a lord with his whitewashed walls, his narrow couch, his unpainted shelves, his ell, and his weekly provision of water and food. And suddenly this snow, without warning, without the foretaste of rain. This is the way the region was, cruel to live in, even without menwho didnt help matters either. But Daru had been born here Everywhere else, he felt exiled. He stepped out onto the terrace in front of the schoolhouse. The two men were now halfway up the slope. He recognized the horseman as Balducci the old gendarme he had known for a long time. Balducci was holding on the end of a rope an Arab who was walking behind him with hands bound and head lowered. The gendarme waved a greeting to which Daru id not reply, lost as he was in contemplation of the Arab dressed in a faded blue jellaba, 2 his feet in sandals but covered with socks of heavy raw wool, his head surmounted by a narrow, short cheche. They were approaching. Balducci was holding back his horse in order not to hurt the Arab, and the group was advancing slowly. Within earshot, Balducci shouted: One hour to do the three kilometers from El Ameur! Daru did not answer. Short and square in his thick sweater he watched them climb. Not once had the Arab raised his head. Hello, said Daru when they got up onto the terrace. Come in and warm up. Balducci painfully got down from his horse without letting go the rope. From under his bristling mustache he smiled at the schoolmaster . His little dark eyes, deepset under a tanned forehead, and his mouth surrounded with wrinkles made him look attentive and studious. Daru took the bridle ]led the horse to the shed, and came back to the two men, who were now waiting for him in the school. He led them into his room I am going to heat up the classroom, he said. Well be more comfortable there. When he entered the room again, Balducci was on the couch. He had undone the rope tying him to the Arab, who had squashed near the stove. His hands still bound, the cheche pushed back on his head, he was looking toward the window. At first Daru noticed only his huge lips, fat, smooth, almost Negroid; yet his nose was straight, his eyes were dark and full of fever. The cheche revealed an obstinate forehead and, under the weathered skin now rather discolored by the cold, the whole face had a restless and rebellious look that struck Daru when the Arab, turning his face toward him, looked him straight in the eyes. Go into the other room, said the schoolmaster and Ill make you some mint tea. Thanks, Balducci said. what a chore! How I long for retirement. And addressing his prisoner in Arabic: Come on, you. The Arab got up and, slowly, holding his bound wrists in front of him, went into the classroom. With the tea, Daru brought a chair. But Balducci was already enthroned on the nearest pupils desk and the Arab had squatted against the teachers platform facing the stove, which stood between the desk and the window. When he held out the glass of tea to the prisoner, Daru hesitated at the sight of his bound hands. He might perhaps be untied. Sure, said Balducci. That was for the trip. He started to get to his feet. But Daru, setting the glass on the floor, had nelt beside the Arab. Without saying anything, the Arab watched him with his feverish eyes. Once his hands were free, he rubbed his swollen wrists against each other, took the glass of tea, and sucked up the burning liquid in swift little sips. Good, said Daru. And where are you headed? 3 Balducci withdrew his mustache from the tea. Here, Son. Odd pupils! And youre spending the night? No. Im going back to El Ameur. And you will deliver this fellow to Tinguit. He is expected at police headquarters. Balducci was looking at Daru with a friendly little smile. Whats this story? asked the schoolmaster. Are you pulling my leg? No, son. Those are the orders. The orders? Im not . . . Daru hesitated, not wanting to hurt the old Corsican. 3 I mean, thats not my job. What! Whats the meaning of that? In wartime people do all kinds of jobs. Then Ill wait for the declaration of war! Balducci nodded. O. K. But the orders exist and they concern you too. Things are brewing, it appears. There is talk of a forthcoming revolt. We are mobilized,in away. Daru still had his obstinate look. Listen, Son, Balducci said. I like you and you must understand. Theres only a dozen of us at El Ameur to patrol hroughout the whole territory of a small department 4 and I must get back in a hurry. I was told to hand this guy over to you and return without delay. He couldnt be kept there. His village was beginning to stir; they wanted to take him back. You must take him to Tinguit tomorrow before the day is over. Twenty kilometers shouldnt faze a husky fellow like you. After that, all will be over. Youll come back to your pupils and your comfortable life. Behind the wall the horse could be heard snorting and pawing the earth. Daru was lookin g out the window. Decidedly, the weather was clearing and the light was ncreasing over the snowy plateau. When all the snow had melted, the sun would take over again and once more would burn the fields of stone. For days, still, the unchanging sky would shed its dry light on the solitary expanse where nothing had any connection with man. After all, he said, turning around toward Balducci, what did he do? And, before the gendarme had opened his mouth, he asked: Does he speak French? No, not a word. We had been looking for him for a month, but they were hiding him. He killed his cousin. Is he against us? I dont think so. But you can never be sure. Why did he kill? A family squabble, I think one owned the other grain, it seems. Its not all clear. In short, he killed his cousin with a billhook. You know, like a sheep, kreeck! Balducci made the gesture of drawing a blade across his throat and the Arab, his attention attracted, watched him with a sort of anxiety. Dam felt a sudden wrath against the mall, against all men with their rotten spite, their tireless hates, their blood lust. But the kettle was singing on the stove. He sened Balducci more tea hesitated, then served the Arab again, who, a second time, drank avidly his raised arms made the jellaba fall open and the schoolmastcr saw his hin, muscular chest. Thanks, kid, Balducci said. And now, Im off. He got up and went toward the Arab, taking a small rope from his pocket. What are you doing? Daru asked dryly. Balducci, disconcerted, showed him the rope. Dont bother. The old gendarme hesitated. Its up to you. Of course, you are armed? I have my shotgun. Where? In the trunk. 4 You ought to have it near your bed. Why? I have nothing to fear. Youre crazy, son. If theres an uprising, no one is safe, were all in the same boat. Ill defend myself. Ill have time to see them coming. Balducci began to laugh, then uddenly the mustache covered the white teeth. Youll have time? O. K. Thats just what I was saying. You have always been a little cracked. Thats why I like you, my son was like that. At the same time he took out his revolver and put it on the desk. Keep it; I dont need two weapons from here to El Ameur. The revolver shone against the black paint of the table. When the gendarme turned toward him, the schoolmastcr caught the smell of leather and horseflesh. Listen, Balducci, Daru said suddenly, every bit of this disgusts me, and first of all your fellow here. But I wont hand him over. Fight, yes, if I have to.